Bone Anatomy Reference
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Key structures in surgery:
The osteotomy level is selected for the anatomy and correction plan. An internal nail occupies the medullary cavity; external fixation uses pins or wires through bone. Surgical technique aims to preserve the periosteum and surrounding blood supply.
Phase 1 — Pre-Operative
1
Pre-Op
Assessment & Planning
History, examination, calibrated imaging, goals, alternatives, and risk factors are reviewed. Additional studies are selected only when clinically indicated.
Scope and number of visits depend on the case
2
Pre-Op
Preparation
The team may prescribe conditioning, mobility practice, nutrition review, medication changes, and plans for rehabilitation and local support.
Begins according to the treating team's plan
Phase 2 — Surgery Day
3
Surgery
Osteotomy & Fixation
The planned bone cut and fixation are performed using the selected internal, external, or hybrid method. Exact anesthesia and operative details are case-specific.
Procedure duration depends on anatomy and reconstruction complexity
4
Early Recovery
Monitoring & Device Training
Pain control, wound checks, mobility, thrombosis prevention, and device or frame-care teaching begin under the clinical team's protocol.
Discharge follows clinical and support-readiness criteria
Phase 3 — Distraction
5
Latency
Prescribed Interval Before Distraction
A waiting period may be used before adjustments begin. Timing varies with age, anatomy, indication, fixation, and protocol.
Start only on the date specified by the treating team
6
Distraction
Active Lengthening
Bone segments are separated using a prescribed schedule. Imaging, alignment, symptoms, and device performance guide any rate change or pause.
Rate, fractionation, and imaging cadence are individualized
7
During Distraction
Rehabilitation & Surveillance
Therapy follows joint-motion, strength, gait, and soft-tissue goals set for the patient. New pain, weakness, numbness, or motion loss is escalated promptly.
Frequency and exercises are prescribed, not universal
Phase 4 — Consolidation
8
Consolidation
Regenerate Maturation
After distraction stops, the regenerate continues to mineralize. Imaging and clinical findings guide protection, loading progression, and follow-up.
Duration cannot be predicted from length alone
Phase 5 — Later Milestones
9
Hardware
Retention or Removal Decision
External and internal hardware follow different removal pathways. Timing and setting depend on healing, device labeling, symptoms, and surgeon judgment.
Removal is a separate clinical decision
10
Recovery
Return to Activity
Work, driving, impact exercise, and sport resume by milestone-based clearance, with attention to bone healing, strength, motion, balance, and device status.
Calendar time alone does not establish readiness