Evidence summaries
Find research summaries by topic, evidence type, and year.
Evidence overview
Start with topic and year for broad scanning, then open the full summary for methods, caveats, and references.
Research summary
A systematic review of 12 heterogeneous observational studies and 760 aesthetic-lengthening patients reported 88.8% to 98% satisfaction and multiple complication categories. Nonstandard outcome measures, varied techniques, and follow-up limit personal prediction.
Research summary
A retrospective single-center study of 15 patients with achondroplasia reported 97% nail reliability and 96% accuracy after simultaneous bilateral femoral lengthening. Ten of 30 segments had temporary knee-motion restriction, and one patient required two unplanned surgeries.
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A meta-analysis of seven observational studies and 489 cosmetic-lengthening patients reported more Paley problems in external-fixator cohorts. Heterogeneity and selection prevent a universal safety ranking; no observed deaths does not establish zero mortality.
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A case report documenting serious complications in a patient who traveled abroad for cosmetic limb lengthening. The 28-year-old male required emergency care, nail removal, and prolonged antibiotic treatment in his home country after developing infections post-surgery.
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A retrospective multicenter cohort of 314 FITBONE and PRECICE segments in 257 patients recorded at least one complication in 53% of patients. The mixed-indication cohort was 75% FITBONE and 80% femoral, so it is not a cosmetic PRECICE-only risk estimate.
Research summary
A meta-analysis of 457 classical and 488 integrated cases reported shorter frame exposure and fewer problems and sequelae with integrated methods, while deep infection was more common and was highest for LON among integrated techniques. Heterogeneous nonrandomized data do not prove universal superiority.
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A nonsystematic 2020 review and four case examples describing the evolution of LON, LATN, mechanical, motorized, and magnetic nails. It is useful historical context, not a current product, recall, or comparative-safety guide.
+2 more sources in the full article.
Research summary
In 125 bilateral cosmetic tibial-lengthening patients, two-year mean self-reported ability scores were 94.6 for daily living, 89.9 for light sports, and 68.1 for moderate-to-strenuous sports; 31.2% had a below-average score in the last category.